Consumer · 6 min read
How to File a Consumer Complaint in India for a Defective Product or Service
By the India Law Simplified editorial team · Verified against primary government sources (bare Acts & official portals) · Last updated 2026-05-27
The Consumer Protection Act 2019 gives you strong, low-cost remedies against defective products, deficient services, and unfair trade practices — and you can now file online for free.
1Before you file
- Send a written complaint/notice to the seller or service provider first.
- Collect evidence: invoice, warranty, photos, chats/emails, payment proof.
- Decide your relief: refund, replacement, repair, or compensation.
2Where to file (based on claim value)
Complaints are filed before the District, State, or National Consumer Commission depending on the value of goods/services and compensation claimed. For most everyday disputes, the District Commission is the right forum.
3How to file online (e-Daakhil)
- Register on the e-Daakhil portal.
- Draft your complaint with facts, relief sought, and evidence attached.
- Pay the nominal fee (small, based on claim value).
- Track hearings and submit responses online.
Frequently asked questions
Is filing a consumer complaint expensive?
No. Fees are nominal and depend on claim value; many small claims have very low or no fee. You can also file yourself without a lawyer.
What is the time limit to file a consumer complaint?
Generally within 2 years from the date the cause of action arose, though commissions can condone delay for valid reasons.
Can I file a consumer complaint online?
Yes, through the government's e-Daakhil portal, from anywhere in India.
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India Law Simplified is an AI-assisted research & drafting tool, not a substitute for a licensed advocate or CA. Verify all figures and steps with a professional before acting. Statutory limits and fees change with each Finance Act / notification.