How do I file an FIR (and what if police refuse)?

⚡ Short answerTo file an FIR, go to the police station with jurisdiction and give the information about a cognizable offence orally or in writing; the officer must record it, read it back, and give you a free copy (Section 173 BNSS). If the police refuse, you can send the complaint in writing to the Superintendent of Police, or approach a Magistrate under Section 175(3) BNSS who can direct registration.

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Filing the FIR

An FIR can be filed by the victim or any person aware of a cognizable offence. Zero-FIR allows registration at any police station regardless of where the crime occurred, to be transferred later. You are entitled to a free copy.

If the police won't register it

First escalate in writing to the SP/DCP under Section 173(4). If still ignored, file a complaint before the Magistrate under Section 175(3) BNSS, who can order the police to register and investigate. You can also use the state police online portal.

Related questions

Can I file an FIR online?

Many states allow online FIR/e-complaint for certain offences (theft, lost documents, cyber crime via cybercrime.gov.in). Serious cognizable offences usually still need an in-person FIR, but you can start the complaint online.

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General information for AY 2026-27, not professional advice. Rules change with each Finance Act / notification and depend on your facts — verify with a licensed CA or advocate before acting.